Landslide dams pose significant hazards towards their upstream and downstream areas due to damming and flooding. Although, a comprehensive database that encompasses detailed information on the geomorphological and geometrical characteristics of these landslide dams is lacking in the literature. In the past twenty years, many studies have been conducted and characterized the landslide dams in Western Austria, Northern Italy, and Bavaria (Felber, 1987 Poschinger and Thom, 1995 Ivy-Ochs et al., 1998 Jerz, 1999 Schrott et al., 2003 Uhlir and Schramm, 2003 Morche et al., 2006 Prager et al., 2006 Reuther et al., 2006 Ostermann et al., 2007 Prager et al., 2008 Cotza, 2009 Gruber et al., 2009 Prager et al., 2009a Prager et al., 2009b Panizza et al., 2011 Ostermann et al., 2012 Patzelt, 2012 Starnberger et al., 2013 Stefani et al., 2013 Dufresne et al., 2016 Ostermann and Prager, 2016 Dufresne et al., 2018 Knapp et al., 2020 Ostermann et al., 2020 Reitner et al., 2020 Zangerl et al., 2020). Costa and Schuster (1991) archived 13 Austrian landslide dams in a worldwide inventory of historical landslide dams however, the presented information mostly included the locality of the dams and the type of the landslide. Overall, climate-driving factors, such as rainfall intensity along with enhanced river incision post LLGM, preconditioned the occurrence of the abovementioned landslides. We further used low-temperature thermochronological data to illustrate the spatial pattern of fluvial incision rates. Most of them occurred during deglaciation. The ¹⁴C dating results provide the chronology of the LLDL from 24.2 ka BP to 15.4 ka BP. The maximum estimate of lake volume ranges from 4.3 × 10⁹ m³ (LLDL) to 1.1 × 10⁸ m³ (ZDDL). By assuming an initial catastrophic drainage, the highest elevation of exposures and original dam heights derived from dam morphology were used to represent the minimum and maximum estimates of lake levels of individual lakes.
#Valley of otz barsoom series
Here, we identified a series of sedimentary evidence containing offshore clay or silt varve, nearshore vaguely stratified silty sand and subaqueous foresets, which are associated with five landslide-dammed lakes in the lower reach of Purlung Tsangpo, including Lulang (LLDL), Dongjiu (DJDL), 102 (102DL), Jialong (JLDL) and Zedang (ZDDL). Previous studies have re-established three glacier-dammed lakes in the valley of Yurlung Tsangpo, namely, Gaga Lake, Dazhuka–Yueju Lake and Jiedexiu Lake. The Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis and its surrounding areas are highly prone to the occurrence of river blocking.
#Valley of otz barsoom full
Reconstructing the ages and magnitudes of prehistoric extreme events that are recorded in landforms and sediments allows us to capture the full range of frequency magnitudes and estimate the expected time for the repetition of a catastrophic event.
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